It is becoming increasingly common for households to use smart doorbells and other security cameras on their property. But while these devices can improve safety and aid in crime prevention, there’s more to it than simply installing a camera and recording footage. Whether part of a full CCTV system or just a single camera doorbell, certain rules and regulations must be followed to respect public privacy. This guide will explain the key privacy laws surrounding domestic doorbell cameras in the UK and what steps to take to stay compliant.
What Are Privacy Laws?
In the UK, two main pieces of legislation protect individuals’ privacy: the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) and the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR). The DPA 2018 enacts and supplements the UK GDPR, forming the core of the UK’s data protection framework post-Brexit. These laws set strict guidelines on how personal data can be collected, stored, and used. You can review the full text of the Data Protection Act 2018 and learn more about the UK GDPR on the ICO’s official GDPR guide.
For most domestic properties, data protection laws don’t apply if the camera captures footage solely for personal use. However, if any part of the recording includes people outside the boundary of the property– such as on a public footpath, in a neighbour’s garden, or in shared spaces – data protection laws will apply. Smart doorbells and domestic CCTV systems capturing public spaces, therefore, require careful handling.
It’s also important to note that live footage alone does not fall under these regulations; data protection laws apply only if images or recordings are stored. So, a live-only camera feed is typically exempt from these laws. Nevertheless, any visitor whose image is recorded solely within the boundaries of a private property will not have specific protection rights under data protection laws. You can read more about your rights related to domestic CCTV on the ICO’s website.
The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) now encourages individuals who record footage of public spaces to complete a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA). This assessment helps ensure that any recorded data respects privacy rights and meets necessary legal standards.
How to Comply with Data Protection Laws for Doorbell Cameras
If a video doorbell or CCTV system records images outside of your property’s boundary, you must comply with data protection laws. Fortunately, this compliance is straightforward when following specific steps. See more about compliance in the ICO’s guidance for domestic CCTV use.
Step 1 – Assess Your Need for a Doorbell Camera
First, consider whether installing a doorbell camera or CCTV system is truly necessary for your property. Is it possible to protect the property in another way that avoids capturing footage of public areas? If not, assess whether the cameras can be angled to avoid recording public or shared spaces. Alternatively, set the device to a live feed-only mode so that no images are stored, which can reduce data handling requirements and simplify privacy compliance.
Step 2 – Make a Privacy Statement
If recordings of public spaces are unavoidable, make a written statement explaining why you’re using CCTV or a doorbell camera and for what purpose. This documentation is essential in case a member of the public or the ICO requests an explanation for the recordings. The statement should outline the intended use of the images and their storage.
Step 3 – Use Signage to Inform the Public
Post clear and visible signs around your property to notify others that security cameras are in use and may be recording. This transparency helps ensure that any passersby are aware they might be captured on camera, reducing the risk of privacy invasion claims. For more information on signage requirements, refer to the ICO’s CCTV guidance for domestic use.
Step 4 – Position the Camera Carefully
Position the camera to record only what is necessary for security purposes, ensuring minimal intrusion into public or shared spaces. Adjusting the camera’s angle to avoid public streets, neighbours’ property, or other public spaces is crucial for compliance.
Step 5 – Securely Store and Protect Recorded Data
Any footage that is recorded should be stored securely to limit access. Ensure that all storage methods, such as apps or cloud storage, are password-protected. This step protects any recorded data from unauthorised access, helping maintain privacy and security.
Many new smart doorbells and CCTV devices now offer end-to-end encryption or secure cloud storage options, which help meet security requirements under data protection laws. Choosing a device with such security features can enhance compliance.
Step 6 – Limit the Storage Duration
Keep recordings only as long as absolutely necessary. Set a regular schedule for deleting outdated footage to avoid storing excessive data, as long-term storage may raise privacy concerns.
The UK GDPR emphasises data minimisation and purpose limitation, meaning footage should only be retained for the specific reason it was collected—such as for security purposes in case of a crime. Regularly deleting recordings once they are no longer needed is crucial to comply with this requirement.
Step 7 – Responding to Public Requests
If a member of the public requests access to recordings showing them, you must provide a copy within one month. Likewise, if they request deletion, remove any footage of them within a month unless there is a legitimate legal reason to retain it. Inform them of this reason if applicable.
Step 8 – Avoid Unnecessary Streaming or Uploading
Do not upload or stream any recordings online without robust justification, as it is rarely appropriate to share footage publicly without the explicit consent of those recorded. In most cases, public streaming of recorded images is not legally justified without a strong reason.
Consequences of Non-Compliance
Failing to comply with data protection laws can result in ICO enforcement or even legal action from individuals who feel their privacy has been violated. Therefore, property owners must follow these guidelines to stay on the right side of the law. Following privacy laws not only protects your rights as a property owner but also respects the rights of the public and minimises the risk of legal disputes.
Is It Legal to Have a Video Doorbell?
Having a video doorbell is perfectly legal in the UK. However, certain doorbell camera laws must be followed, especially if the device captures any area outside your property’s boundaries. By meeting the requirements outlined above, property owners can safely and responsibly use smart doorbells or domestic CCTV for security while respecting the privacy of passersby.
Conclusion
Using a doorbell camera for crime prevention and security on your property can be beneficial, but it also comes with responsibilities. By ensuring that all legal requirements are met, property owners can enjoy the added security that a doorbell camera provides while safeguarding public privacy. This balance allows both property owners and the public to coexist peacefully, ensuring a win-win situation for everyone involved.
For further assistance with property management and understanding privacy compliance as a homeowner, feel free to reach out to Belvoir, your trusted letting and estate agents. Our experts can provide additional guidance on maintaining safe and legally compliant properties.
